What is Biotechnology? Plant Biotechnology and Biochemistry

Plant Biotechnology 

DNA COMBINATION

× The term 'biotechnology' composed of two Greek words, bios+technologia, in which bios means life and technologia means systematic treatment. 

× Biotechnology is applied use of molecular   biology and recombinant DNA and Technology

× It is the controlled use of biological agents, such as microorganisms (or) cellular components, for beneficial use.

 × "Any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use". Biotechnology is the practice of using plants, animals and micro-organisms such as bacteria, as well as biological processes - such as the ripening of fruit or the bacteria that break down compost to some benefit to human. 

× The term 'Biotechnology' was coined by Karl Erkey in 1919. 

× Biotechnology aims to improve genetic make up, phenotypic performance, and multiplication rates of economic plants; and exploit plant cells for useful product or services.

Types of Biotechnology :-

Red biotechnology. It is the health branch and responsible, to the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO), for the development more than 250 vaccines and medications such as antibiotics, therapies and the production of artificial organs.

Green biotechnology. It is used by more than 13 million worldwide to fight pests and nourish crops and strengthen them a microorganisms and extreme weather events, such as droughts and

White biotechnology. The industrial branch works to improve manufacturing processes, the development of biofuels and other technologies to make industry more efficient and sustainable.

Yellow biotechnology. This branch is focused on food production for example, it carries out research to reduce the levels of saturated fat in cooking oils. 

Blue biotechnology. This exploits marine resources to obtain aquaculture cosmetics and health care products. In addition, it is the branch most widely used to obtain biofuels from certain microalgae.

Grey biotechnology. Its purpose is the conservation and restoration of contaminated natural ecosystems through, as mentioned above, bioremediation processes.

Gold biotechnology. Also known as bioinformatics it is responsible for obtaining, storing, analysing and separating biological information, especially that related to DNA and amino acid sequences.

Plant tissue or In vitro culture:

+ It is multiplication of cell of large number of plants placed in appropriate environment conditions with required nutrients.

+ It is the cultivation of plant organs, tissue, embryo, seeds, protoplasts or cells in the test tubes on artificial media.

+ It reduces more than half of the time taken in conventional breeding programmes.